きほん Basic 46The core syllables, あ to ん.

だくてん DakutenTwo small strokes ゛ (or a circle ゜) voice the consonant: か ka → が ga, さ sa → ざ za, は ha → ば ba → ぱ pa. 25 extra kana.

ようおん CombosAn i-row kana plus a small ゃゅょ squeezed into one syllable: き + ゃ = きゃ kya, し + ょ = しょ sho. 33 extra sounds.